Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie

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The draft genome of Ciona intestinalis: Insights into chordate and vertebrate origins

Identifieur interne : 00B515 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 00B514; suivant : 00B516

The draft genome of Ciona intestinalis: Insights into chordate and vertebrate origins

Auteurs : Paramvir Delhal [États-Unis] ; Yutaka Satou [Japon] ; Robert K. Campbell [États-Unis] ; Jarrod Chapman [États-Unis] ; Bernard Degnan [Australie] ; Anthony De Tomaso [États-Unis] ; Brad Davidson [États-Unis] ; Anna Di Gregorio [États-Unis] ; Maarten Gelpke [États-Unis] ; David M. Goodstein [États-Unis] ; Naoe Harafuji [États-Unis] ; Kenneth E. M. Hastings [Canada] ; Isaac Ho [États-Unis] ; Kohji Hotta [Japon] ; Wayne Huang [États-Unis] ; Takeshi Kawashima [Japon] ; Patrick Lemaire [France] ; Diego Martinez [États-Unis] ; Ian A. Meinertzhagen [Canada] ; Simona Necula [États-Unis] ; Masaru Nonaka [Japon] ; Nik Putnam [États-Unis] ; Sam Rash [États-Unis] ; Hidetoshi Saiga [Japon] ; Masanobu Satake [Japon] ; Astrid Terry [États-Unis] ; Lixy Yamada [Japon] ; Hong-Gang Wang [États-Unis] ; Satoko Awazu [Japon] ; Kaoru Azumi [Japon] ; Jeffrey Boore [États-Unis] ; Margherita Branno [Italie] ; Stephen Chin-Bow [États-Unis] ; Rosaria Desantis [Italie] ; Sharon Doyle [États-Unis] ; Pilar Francino [États-Unis] ; David N. Keys [États-Unis] ; Shinobu Haga [Japon] ; Hiroko Hayashi [Japon] ; Kyosuke Hino [Japon] ; Kaoru S. Imai [Japon] ; Kazuo Inaba [Japon] ; Shungo Kano [Japon, Italie] ; Kenji Kobayashi [Japon] ; Mari Kobayashi [Japon] ; Byung-In Lee [États-Unis] ; Kazuhiro W. Makabe [Japon] ; Chitra Manohar [États-Unis] ; Giorgio Matassi [Italie] ; Monica Medina [États-Unis] ; Yasuaki Mochizuki [Japon] ; Steve Mount [États-Unis] ; Tomomi Morishita [Japon] ; Sachiko Miura [Japon] ; Akie Nakayama [Japon] ; Satoko Nishizaka [Japon] ; Hisayo Nomoto [Japon] ; Fumiko Ohta [Japon] ; Kazuko Oishi [Japon] ; Isidore Rigoutsos [États-Unis]

Source :

RBID : Pascal:03-0186239

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

The first chordates appear in the fossil record at the time of the Cambrian explosion, nearly 550 million years ago. The modern ascidian tadpole represents a plausible approximation to these ancestral chordates. To illuminate the origins of chordate and vertebrates, we generated a draft of the protein-coding portion of the genome of the most studied ascidian, Ciona intestinalis. The Ciona genome contains ∼16,000 protein-coding genes, similar to the number in other invertebrates, but only half that found in vertebrates. Vertebrate gene families are typically found in simplified form in Ciona, suggesting that ascidians contain the basic ancestral complement of genes involved in cell signaling and development. The ascidian genome has also acquired a number of lineage-specific innovations, including a group of genes engaged in cellulose metabolism that are related to those in bacteria and fungi.


Affiliations:


Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)


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<author>
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<s1>Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University</s1>
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<author>
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<sZ>25 aut.</sZ>
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<country>Japon</country>
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<orgName type="university">Université du Tōhoku</orgName>
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<settlement type="city">Sendai</settlement>
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<author>
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<s1>U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive</s1>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Yamada, Lixy" sort="Yamada, Lixy" uniqKey="Yamada L" first="Lixy" last="Yamada">Lixy Yamada</name>
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<author>
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<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Tampa, FL 33612</wicri:noRegion>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Awazu, Satoko" sort="Awazu, Satoko" uniqKey="Awazu S" first="Satoko" last="Awazu">Satoko Awazu</name>
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<s1>Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University</s1>
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<sZ>44 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>45 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>47 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>51 aut.</sZ>
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<country>Japon</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Kyoto</settlement>
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</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Kyoto</orgName>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Azumi, Kaoru" sort="Azumi, Kaoru" uniqKey="Azumi K" first="Kaoru" last="Azumi">Kaoru Azumi</name>
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<inist:fA14 i1="17">
<s1>Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University</s1>
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<s3>JPN</s3>
<sZ>30 aut.</sZ>
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<country>Japon</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Sapporo 060-0812</wicri:noRegion>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Boore, Jeffrey" sort="Boore, Jeffrey" uniqKey="Boore J" first="Jeffrey" last="Boore">Jeffrey Boore</name>
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<s1>U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive</s1>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Branno, Margherita" sort="Branno, Margherita" uniqKey="Branno M" first="Margherita" last="Branno">Margherita Branno</name>
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<s1>Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn, " Villa Comunale</s1>
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<sZ>34 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>43 aut.</sZ>
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<country>Italie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>80121 Napoli</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chin Bow, Stephen" sort="Chin Bow, Stephen" uniqKey="Chin Bow S" first="Stephen" last="Chin-Bow">Stephen Chin-Bow</name>
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<s1>IBM Watson Research Center, Post Office Box 218</s1>
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<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Yorktown Heights, NY 10598</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Desantis, Rosaria" sort="Desantis, Rosaria" uniqKey="Desantis R" first="Rosaria" last="Desantis">Rosaria Desantis</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="18">
<s1>Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn, " Villa Comunale</s1>
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<s3>ITA</s3>
<sZ>32 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>34 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>43 aut.</sZ>
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<country>Italie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>80121 Napoli</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Doyle, Sharon" sort="Doyle, Sharon" uniqKey="Doyle S" first="Sharon" last="Doyle">Sharon Doyle</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
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<s1>U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive</s1>
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<sZ>46 aut.</sZ>
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</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Francino, Pilar" sort="Francino, Pilar" uniqKey="Francino P" first="Pilar" last="Francino">Pilar Francino</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
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<s1>U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive</s1>
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<country>États-Unis</country>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Keys, David N" sort="Keys, David N" uniqKey="Keys D" first="David N." last="Keys">David N. Keys</name>
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<s1>U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive</s1>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="07">
<s1>Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Genetics, 401 Barker Hall, University of California</s1>
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<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Berkeley, CA 94720</wicri:noRegion>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Haga, Shinobu" sort="Haga, Shinobu" uniqKey="Haga S" first="Shinobu" last="Haga">Shinobu Haga</name>
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<inist:fA14 i1="09">
<s1>National Institute of Genetics</s1>
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<country>Japon</country>
<wicri:noRegion>National Institute of Genetics</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Hayashi, Hiroko" sort="Hayashi, Hiroko" uniqKey="Hayashi H" first="Hiroko" last="Hayashi">Hiroko Hayashi</name>
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<inist:fA14 i1="09">
<s1>National Institute of Genetics</s1>
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<sZ>14 aut.</sZ>
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<country>Japon</country>
<wicri:noRegion>National Institute of Genetics</wicri:noRegion>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Hino, Kyosuke" sort="Hino, Kyosuke" uniqKey="Hino K" first="Kyosuke" last="Hino">Kyosuke Hino</name>
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<inist:fA14 i1="02">
<s1>Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University</s1>
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<country>Japon</country>
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<settlement type="city">Kyoto</settlement>
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<orgName type="university">Université de Kyoto</orgName>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Imai, Kaoru S" sort="Imai, Kaoru S" uniqKey="Imai K" first="Kaoru S." last="Imai">Kaoru S. Imai</name>
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<s1>Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University</s1>
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<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
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<country>Japon</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Kyoto</settlement>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Inaba, Kazuo" sort="Inaba, Kazuo" uniqKey="Inaba K" first="Kazuo" last="Inaba">Kazuo Inaba</name>
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<s1>Asamushi Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University</s1>
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<sZ>42 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Japon</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Sendai</settlement>
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</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Tōhoku</orgName>
</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Kano, Shungo" sort="Kano, Shungo" uniqKey="Kano S" first="Shungo" last="Kano">Shungo Kano</name>
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<s1>Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University</s1>
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<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
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<country>Japon</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Kyoto</settlement>
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<orgName type="university">Université de Kyoto</orgName>
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<s1>Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn, " Villa Comunale</s1>
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<sZ>32 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>34 aut.</sZ>
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<country>Italie</country>
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<name sortKey="Kobayashi, Kenji" sort="Kobayashi, Kenji" uniqKey="Kobayashi K" first="Kenji" last="Kobayashi">Kenji Kobayashi</name>
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<s1>Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University</s1>
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<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
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<sZ>47 aut.</sZ>
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<country>Japon</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Kyoto</settlement>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Kobayashi, Mari" sort="Kobayashi, Mari" uniqKey="Kobayashi M" first="Mari" last="Kobayashi">Mari Kobayashi</name>
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<s1>Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University</s1>
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<country>Japon</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Kyoto</settlement>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Lee, Byung In" sort="Lee, Byung In" uniqKey="Lee B" first="Byung-In" last="Lee">Byung-In Lee</name>
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<s1>U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive</s1>
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<sZ>46 aut.</sZ>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Makabe, Kazuhiro W" sort="Makabe, Kazuhiro W" uniqKey="Makabe K" first="Kazuhiro W." last="Makabe">Kazuhiro W. Makabe</name>
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<s1>Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University</s1>
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<s1>National Institute of Genetics</s1>
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<s1>National Institute of Genetics</s1>
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<s1>IBM Watson Research Center, Post Office Box 218</s1>
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<title xml:lang="en" level="a">The draft genome of Ciona intestinalis: Insights into chordate and vertebrate origins</title>
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<settlement type="city">Montréal</settlement>
<region type="state">Québec</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université McGill</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ho, Isaac" sort="Ho, Isaac" uniqKey="Ho I" first="Isaac" last="Ho">Isaac Ho</name>
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<s1>U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive</s1>
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</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Hotta, Kohji" sort="Hotta, Kohji" uniqKey="Hotta K" first="Kohji" last="Hotta">Kohji Hotta</name>
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<inist:fA14 i1="09">
<s1>National Institute of Genetics</s1>
<s2>Mishima 411-8540</s2>
<s3>JPN</s3>
<sZ>14 aut.</sZ>
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<sZ>39 aut.</sZ>
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<sZ>56 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>57 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>58 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>59 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Japon</country>
<wicri:noRegion>National Institute of Genetics</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Huang, Wayne" sort="Huang, Wayne" uniqKey="Huang W" first="Wayne" last="Huang">Wayne Huang</name>
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<inist:fA14 i1="01">
<s1>U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive</s1>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Kawashima, Takeshi" sort="Kawashima, Takeshi" uniqKey="Kawashima T" first="Takeshi" last="Kawashima">Takeshi Kawashima</name>
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<inist:fA14 i1="10">
<s1>Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto Univeristy</s1>
<s2>Uji, Kyoto 611-0011</s2>
<s3>JPN</s3>
<sZ>16 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Japon</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Uji, Kyoto 611-0011</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lemaire, Patrick" sort="Lemaire, Patrick" uniqKey="Lemaire P" first="Patrick" last="Lemaire">Patrick Lemaire</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="11">
<s1>LGPD, IBDM, Case 907, Campus de Luminy</s1>
<s2>13288 Marseille</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>17 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>France</country>
<wicri:noRegion>13288 Marseille</wicri:noRegion>
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<settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Martinez, Diego" sort="Martinez, Diego" uniqKey="Martinez D" first="Diego" last="Martinez">Diego Martinez</name>
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<s1>U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive</s1>
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<country>États-Unis</country>
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</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Meinertzhagen, Ian A" sort="Meinertzhagen, Ian A" uniqKey="Meinertzhagen I" first="Ian A." last="Meinertzhagen">Ian A. Meinertzhagen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="12">
<s1>Life Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University</s1>
<s2>Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4J1</s2>
<s3>CAN</s3>
<sZ>19 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Canada</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4J1</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Necula, Simona" sort="Necula, Simona" uniqKey="Necula S" first="Simona" last="Necula">Simona Necula</name>
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<inist:fA14 i1="01">
<s1>U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive</s1>
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<country>États-Unis</country>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nonaka, Masaru" sort="Nonaka, Masaru" uniqKey="Nonaka M" first="Masaru" last="Nonaka">Masaru Nonaka</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<inist:fA14 i1="13">
<s1>Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo</s1>
<s2>Tokyo 113-0033</s2>
<s3>JPN</s3>
<sZ>21 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Japon</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Tokyo</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Putnam, Nik" sort="Putnam, Nik" uniqKey="Putnam N" first="Nik" last="Putnam">Nik Putnam</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="01">
<s1>U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive</s1>
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<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
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<country>États-Unis</country>
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</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Rash, Sam" sort="Rash, Sam" uniqKey="Rash S" first="Sam" last="Rash">Sam Rash</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="01">
<s1>U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive</s1>
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</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Saiga, Hidetoshi" sort="Saiga, Hidetoshi" uniqKey="Saiga H" first="Hidetoshi" last="Saiga">Hidetoshi Saiga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="14">
<s1>Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University</s1>
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<sZ>24 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Japon</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Satake, Masanobu" sort="Satake, Masanobu" uniqKey="Satake M" first="Masanobu" last="Satake">Masanobu Satake</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<inist:fA14 i1="15">
<s1>Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi</s1>
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<s3>JPN</s3>
<sZ>25 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Japon</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575</wicri:noRegion>
<orgName type="university">Université du Tōhoku</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Sendai</settlement>
<region type="province">Région de Tōhoku</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Terry, Astrid" sort="Terry, Astrid" uniqKey="Terry A" first="Astrid" last="Terry">Astrid Terry</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="01">
<s1>U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive</s1>
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<country>États-Unis</country>
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</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Yamada, Lixy" sort="Yamada, Lixy" uniqKey="Yamada L" first="Lixy" last="Yamada">Lixy Yamada</name>
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<inist:fA14 i1="02">
<s1>Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University</s1>
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<country>Japon</country>
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<settlement type="city">Kyoto</settlement>
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</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Kyoto</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wang, Hong Gang" sort="Wang, Hong Gang" uniqKey="Wang H" first="Hong-Gang" last="Wang">Hong-Gang Wang</name>
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<inist:fA14 i1="16">
<s1>Drug Discovery Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive</s1>
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</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Tampa, FL 33612</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Awazu, Satoko" sort="Awazu, Satoko" uniqKey="Awazu S" first="Satoko" last="Awazu">Satoko Awazu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<inist:fA14 i1="02">
<s1>Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University</s1>
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<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
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<country>Japon</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Kyoto</settlement>
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</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Kyoto</orgName>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Azumi, Kaoru" sort="Azumi, Kaoru" uniqKey="Azumi K" first="Kaoru" last="Azumi">Kaoru Azumi</name>
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<inist:fA14 i1="17">
<s1>Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University</s1>
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<sZ>30 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Japon</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Sapporo 060-0812</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Boore, Jeffrey" sort="Boore, Jeffrey" uniqKey="Boore J" first="Jeffrey" last="Boore">Jeffrey Boore</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
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<s1>U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive</s1>
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</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Branno, Margherita" sort="Branno, Margherita" uniqKey="Branno M" first="Margherita" last="Branno">Margherita Branno</name>
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<inist:fA14 i1="18">
<s1>Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn, " Villa Comunale</s1>
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<sZ>32 aut.</sZ>
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</inist:fA14>
<country>Italie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>80121 Napoli</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chin Bow, Stephen" sort="Chin Bow, Stephen" uniqKey="Chin Bow S" first="Stephen" last="Chin-Bow">Stephen Chin-Bow</name>
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<inist:fA14 i1="19">
<s1>IBM Watson Research Center, Post Office Box 218</s1>
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</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Yorktown Heights, NY 10598</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Desantis, Rosaria" sort="Desantis, Rosaria" uniqKey="Desantis R" first="Rosaria" last="Desantis">Rosaria Desantis</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="18">
<s1>Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn, " Villa Comunale</s1>
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<sZ>32 aut.</sZ>
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<country>Italie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>80121 Napoli</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Doyle, Sharon" sort="Doyle, Sharon" uniqKey="Doyle S" first="Sharon" last="Doyle">Sharon Doyle</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
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<s1>U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive</s1>
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<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
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<sZ>50 aut.</sZ>
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<country>États-Unis</country>
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</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Francino, Pilar" sort="Francino, Pilar" uniqKey="Francino P" first="Pilar" last="Francino">Pilar Francino</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="01">
<s1>U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive</s1>
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<country>États-Unis</country>
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</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Keys, David N" sort="Keys, David N" uniqKey="Keys D" first="David N." last="Keys">David N. Keys</name>
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<s1>U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive</s1>
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<sZ>48 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>50 aut.</sZ>
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<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Walnut Creek, CA 94598</wicri:noRegion>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="07">
<s1>Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Genetics, 401 Barker Hall, University of California</s1>
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<orgName type="university">Université du Tōhoku</orgName>
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<name sortKey="Miura, Sachiko" sort="Miura, Sachiko" uniqKey="Miura S" first="Sachiko" last="Miura">Sachiko Miura</name>
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<s1>National Institute of Genetics</s1>
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<s1>National Institute of Genetics</s1>
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<name sortKey="Nomoto, Hisayo" sort="Nomoto, Hisayo" uniqKey="Nomoto H" first="Hisayo" last="Nomoto">Hisayo Nomoto</name>
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<s1>National Institute of Genetics</s1>
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<name sortKey="Ohta, Fumiko" sort="Ohta, Fumiko" uniqKey="Ohta F" first="Fumiko" last="Ohta">Fumiko Ohta</name>
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<s1>National Institute of Genetics</s1>
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<name sortKey="Oishi, Kazuko" sort="Oishi, Kazuko" uniqKey="Oishi K" first="Kazuko" last="Oishi">Kazuko Oishi</name>
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<s1>National Institute of Genetics</s1>
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<s1>IBM Watson Research Center, Post Office Box 218</s1>
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<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The first chordates appear in the fossil record at the time of the Cambrian explosion, nearly 550 million years ago. The modern ascidian tadpole represents a plausible approximation to these ancestral chordates. To illuminate the origins of chordate and vertebrates, we generated a draft of the protein-coding portion of the genome of the most studied ascidian, Ciona intestinalis. The Ciona genome contains ∼16,000 protein-coding genes, similar to the number in other invertebrates, but only half that found in vertebrates. Vertebrate gene families are typically found in simplified form in Ciona, suggesting that ascidians contain the basic ancestral complement of genes involved in cell signaling and development. The ascidian genome has also acquired a number of lineage-specific innovations, including a group of genes engaged in cellulose metabolism that are related to those in bacteria and fungi.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>Australie</li>
<li>Canada</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Italie</li>
<li>Japon</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Maryland</li>
<li>Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</li>
<li>Québec</li>
<li>Région de Kantō</li>
<li>Région de Tōhoku</li>
<li>Région du Kansai</li>
</region>
<settlement>
<li>College Park (Maryland)</li>
<li>Kyoto</li>
<li>Marseille</li>
<li>Montréal</li>
<li>Sendai</li>
<li>Tokyo</li>
</settlement>
<orgName>
<li>Université McGill</li>
<li>Université de Kyoto</li>
<li>Université de Tokyo</li>
<li>Université du Maryland</li>
<li>Université du Tōhoku</li>
</orgName>
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<name sortKey="Chapman, Jarrod" sort="Chapman, Jarrod" uniqKey="Chapman J" first="Jarrod" last="Chapman">Jarrod Chapman</name>
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<name sortKey="Keys, David N" sort="Keys, David N" uniqKey="Keys D" first="David N." last="Keys">David N. Keys</name>
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<name sortKey="Imai, Kaoru S" sort="Imai, Kaoru S" uniqKey="Imai K" first="Kaoru S." last="Imai">Kaoru S. Imai</name>
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<name sortKey="Nonaka, Masaru" sort="Nonaka, Masaru" uniqKey="Nonaka M" first="Masaru" last="Nonaka">Masaru Nonaka</name>
<name sortKey="Ohta, Fumiko" sort="Ohta, Fumiko" uniqKey="Ohta F" first="Fumiko" last="Ohta">Fumiko Ohta</name>
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<name sortKey="Matassi, Giorgio" sort="Matassi, Giorgio" uniqKey="Matassi G" first="Giorgio" last="Matassi">Giorgio Matassi</name>
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</affiliations>
</record>

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